{"id":17109,"date":"2021-09-24T09:10:48","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T09:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tooling.harsle.com\/?p=17109"},"modified":"2021-10-18T06:43:38","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T06:43:38","slug":"ultimate-guide-to-press-brake-tooling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tooling.harsle.com\/vi\/ultimate-guide-to-press-brake-tooling\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 phanh"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span>Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh: <\/span>10<\/span> ph\u00fat<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea5n phanh<\/a> c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 gi\u1eefa hai d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng (\u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7) gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u1edbi (khu\u00f4n ch\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong chi ti\u1ebft. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 phanh b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n cong tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0103n b\u1ea3n <\/strong>K<\/strong>hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a <\/strong>NS<\/strong>anh ta <\/strong>NS<\/strong>adius<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh CAD r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kh\u00fac cua v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i kh\u00fac cua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. G\u00f3c u\u1ed1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111o b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"G\u00f3c
G\u00f3c u\u1ed1n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh th\u00ec sao? S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong trong kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m, t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng: v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o t\u00e2m r\u1ed3i k\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1nh. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf (\u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eb3ng c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n c\u00e0ng s\u1eafc n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac quanh v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y R .120 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a kh\u00fac cua, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n cong b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a kh\u00fac cua (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh d\u1ecdc theo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a kh\u00fac cua) l\u00e0 0,120 inch. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a kh\u00fac cua (c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c). Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong cong. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n cong b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n (v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n cong) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 0,120 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00ec <\/strong>NS<\/strong>\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng <\/strong>W<\/strong>g\u00e0 m\u00e1i <\/strong>NS<\/strong>anh ta <\/strong>NS<\/strong>et al <\/strong>t\u00f4i<\/strong>NS <\/strong>NS<\/strong>ent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi phanh b\u00e1o u\u1ed1n cong, kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong. Xem x\u00e9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. G\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd n\u1edf ra, s\u00e1t b\u00ean trong s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u00e9n, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y k\u00e9o tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a (ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa n\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n) v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n v\u00e0o trong. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Bender \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 k, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0i ra ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0110\u1ed9
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m (v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 k v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1n (chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a u\u1ed1n) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb u\u1ed1n - s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1n kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb t\u1eeb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i, v\u00ec v\u1eady khi ph\u00f4i b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 "l\u1edbn l\u00ean" " V\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t theo ngh\u0129a chung, hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Punch And Die<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng la-de ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u, anh ta s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c d\u1eebng ng\u00f3n tay ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef cho tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean ch\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u00f3n tay c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed1t ch\u1eb7n ph\u00eda sau, vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y - \u0111\u1ed9t tr\u00ean v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi - \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c m\u0169i \u0111\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u0169i \u0111\u1ed9t (b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec m\u0169i \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e0ng s\u1eafc) v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9t. Khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 m\u1edf h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n). G\u00f3c V l\u00e0 g\u00f3c ph\u00e2n khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 m\u1edf chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp sang ch\u1eef V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh vai khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Punch
Punch Angle<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. N\u1ebfu c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m c\u00f3 g\u00f3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V v\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn quanh c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5m, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c m\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n cong m\u1ed9t ph\u00f4i l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh l\u1edbn, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5m tr\u00f2n; c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thanh tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1ecf. V\u1eady g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 90 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"90
90 \u0111\u1ed9<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

U\u1ed1n <\/strong>NS<\/strong>ethod<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, th\u1eddi gian b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau: c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea5m v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 qua b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vai khu\u00f4n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng u\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i phanh b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u0169, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m \u00e9p t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 "ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y" \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y khu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ee5c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 u\u1ed1n cong v\u00e0 \u00e9p t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. Khi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1y, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u00c1p
\u00c1p l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Khu\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n cong. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong, v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phanh \u00e9p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf khu\u00f4n c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1eb7t b\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 u\u1ed1n h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i l\u00ean vai khu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t khi c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng, ph\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f2 xo quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1eadt l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sau khi c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u2014 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1eb7t b\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u2014 tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ed7 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p xung quanh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y g\u1ea5p v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: khi ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00f4i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch <\/strong>M\u1ed8T<\/strong>NS <\/strong>P<\/strong>s\u1ef1 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i <\/strong>NS<\/strong>rinding <\/strong>NS<\/strong>ools<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh k\u00e9o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5m v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft kh\u1ecfi xe. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u00ec? V\u00e2ng, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3u u\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2y, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phanh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1n cong \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1\/4 inch th\u00ec b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ed5n, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang b\u1ecb c\u1eaft, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u00f4ng


C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 <\/strong>NS<\/strong>ype<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean phanh \u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n qua ch\u00fang. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0m quen, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean m\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lo\u1ea1i
Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u <\/strong>NS<\/strong>k\u1ebft th\u00fac, <\/strong>NS<\/strong>thua cu\u1ed9c <\/strong>NS<\/strong>t\u00e1m, <\/strong>M\u1ed8T<\/strong>NS <\/strong>NS<\/strong>ack <\/strong>NS<\/strong>auge<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan s\u00e1t xung quanh x\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y d\u1eadp v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean phanh \u00e9p. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n u\u1ed1n theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 trong thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t (ngay tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5) v\u00e0 gi\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e9t (d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng t\u1eebng vi\u00ean khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Giai
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o l\u01b0ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i quay tay quay b\u1eb1ng tay \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00f3n tay \u0111o ph\u00eda sau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00f4i so v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ph\u00eda sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i kh\u00fac cua. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u00e1y di chuy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111o s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay \u0111o sau c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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